![]() Stem cells have the marked ability of self-renewal as well as the capacity to differentiate into mature cells of a particular tissue. This explanation has led to the hope that stem cells from other sources can repair damage to the cochlea that cannot repair itself. The reason for the lack of regenerative capacity in the cochlea could be that the differentiated cell types that contribute to the structure of the organ of Corti lose their regenerative and proliferative ability during post-natal maturation. In contrast, the mammalian vestibular organs can regenerate hair cells in a limited capacity. In mature mammalian cochleae, virtually no mechanosensitive hair cell regeneration is detectable. The primary reason for the permanence of hearing loss is that the mammalian cochlea lacks regenerative capacity. While these cochlear implants have been shown to restore some degree of auditory function, there is still low evidence regarding improvement in post-operative speech outcomes and improvement in hearing-related quality of life. Thus, the implants bypass the damaged hair cells by directly transmitting the electrical signals to the auditory nerve. Cochlear implants work by replacing the function of sensory hair cells that are no longer able to convert mechanical sound to electrical impulses. However, cochlear implants are typically the only current treatment option for cases of profound bilateral SNHL that cannot be corrected with hearing aids and severe asymmetric SNHL. As for the treatment of SNHL, for mild to moderate hearing loss, there is evidence that conventional hearing aids are effective in improving hearing. Sensorineural hearing loss can have a multitude of causes, including trauma, noise exposure, ototoxin exposure, age, and infectious conditions such as meningitis. Meanwhile, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects the conversion of mechanical sound to electrical signals in the inner ear or the auditory nerve. Conductive hearing loss involves the tympanic membrane and the middle ear, and this type interferes with transmitting sound and converting it to mechanical vibrations. Hearing loss is classified as either conductive, sensorineural, or mixed type. Furthermore, the prevalence of hearing loss increases with each age decade. This number increased to 48.1 million Americans when including individuals suffering from unilateral hearing loss. Approximately 30 million Americans or 12.7% of Americans, 12 years and older were estimated to have suffered from bilateral hearing loss from 2001 through 2008. Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities afflicting Americans. Hearing loss Stem cells Inner ear Hair cells Spiral ganglion neurons Introduction However, more research is still needed to improve the protocol for differentiating stem cells into hair cells and SGNs. They have the potential to be induced to differentiate into sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in damaged cochleae. Neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are all promising candidates for the treatment of SNHL. This type of hearing loss affects the conversion of mechanical sound to an electrical signal within the inner ear, and profound SNHL can usually only be treated with a cochlear implant. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) specifically has etiologies including trauma, infectious conditions, ototoxin exposure, and trauma. Hearing loss affects millions of Americans in every age group, and it can be either conductive or sensorineural. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ![]() (2021) The Use of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Sensorineural Hearing Loss. * Corresponding author: Vincent S Gallicchio, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USAĬitation: Keller AC, Gallicchio VS. Gallicchio *ĭepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA News Research News Releases Journal News Medical News Science News Life News Business News Expert Pitch Google Fact Check Research Alert Marketplace News With Video/Audio Multimedia RSS Feeds byĪubrey C Keller and Vincent S. Latest News Coronavirus News Currently Embargoed
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